If you can express exactly what you want to say, you can avoid confusion, make your conversations easier, and sound a lot more like a native english speaker. Grammatik relative clauses and contact clauses 4 losungen exercise 1 a nick is a boy who is in my class. Complete the exercise with who, whom, whose or where. If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb but by a noun or pronoun, the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Turn the underlined sentence into a relative clause. In informal style it always comes later in the relative clause. Nondefining clauses nonrestrictive clauses we use nondefining relative clauses to give extra information about the person or thing. That relative pronoun cannot be preceded by a preposition or a comma. Here you will find many relative clauses english grammar exercises at all levels so you can practice and improve your knowledge of relative clauses. Defining relative clauses who, which, that, where test. Relative pronouns are the words that introduce relative clauses.
The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. There are two broad types of relative clauses in english. We know you and your students will love this resource. The pronoun cannot be omitted in a nondefining relative clause when the noun modified is a person and a subject of the clause, only the relative pronoun who can be used. The first sentence works fine even without the relative pronoun. Personal pronouns, possessives, relative pronouns, reflexive pronouns. I caught a ride with tony, whose car barely made it up the hill. Relative clauses usually start with who, which, that or whose and add information to a noun or fact.
Rp002 relative clauses who, which, where elementary. Relative clauses other english exercises on the same topic. Relative clauses can help you express yourself more accurately, which is really important for personal and career advancement. Relative pronouns english grammar today cambridge dictionary. Use the hint button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. Contact clauses no relative pronouns englischhilfen. Sep 29, 2012 a relative pronoun is used to repeat the meaning of a previous noun.
Relative pronouns exercises relative clauses agendaweb. Johnson, who got the highest grade on the test, is happy. In a declarative sentenceone of the most common applications for these clausesa what clause, which functions as a noun, may serve as the subject usually followed by a form of the verb be, subject complement, or object of a sentence. Practice on the defining and nondefining relative clauses. Relative clauses 1 adv failed to load the quiz data. Relative clauses exercise 1 perfect english grammar. It is important to distinguish between them because it affects the choice of pronoun used to introduce the clause. Active the boy who was waiting in the hall expected a phone call. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called contact clauses. Join the following sentences by using a relative pronoun. They may add meaning, but if they are removed, the sentence will still function grammatically. Types of relative clauses to understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses. Relative clauses normally begin with who, whom, whose, or that. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are.
Relative clauses defining and nondefining test english. Relative pronouns, relative sentences, who, which, whose english grammar exercise. In german, you usually translate a participle construction with a relative clause because the german language doesnt have such a construction. The noun that is modified is called the antecedent. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. Rp003 relative clauses match the sentence parts elementary. They function rather like adjectives, and are found as postmodifiers in a noun phrase. Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Defining and nondefining relative clauses intermediate.
Learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause is not a verb. Relative pronouns, relative clauses, who, which, whose exercise learning english. So it acts as a conjunction and a pronoun at the same time. We use relative clauses to to join two sentences or to add information to a sentence. Write relative clauses without using the relative pronoun. Relative clauses niu effective writing practices tutorial. Relative pronouns who, which, whose or no pronouns. Relative pronouns part 2 see beginner worksheet for an introduction where, whose, whom relative clauses tell us what person or thing someone is talking about, or give us more information about that person or thing. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses in both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object. The robber stole the car the lady parked in front of the supermarket. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. Understanding relative clauses a relative or adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and is introduced by a relative pronoun who, whom, whose, which, or that or occasionally a relative adverb usually when, where, or why. Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site.
Relative clauses allow us to get more information into a sentence without needing to start a new one. Exercise on relative clauses default english grammar. It is not essential information to understand the sentence. Choose the correct and most naturalsounding response to. Relative clauses might not sound too exciting, but these simple words can help you sound a lot more fluent. Relative clauses quizzes 1 like any pronoun, relative pronouns are substituted for nouns and other pronouns that functions as subjects or objects in a sentence. Relative clauses and contact clauses englischtipps. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something.
We leave out the relative pronoun who whichthat if it is not the subject in the sentence. English grammar relative clauses relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. Relative pronouns exercise english practice learn and. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. Defining relative clauses we use defining relative clauses to specify which person, thing or place we are talking about. In everyday speech, that is often used instead of who or whom. Nondefining relative clauses provide nonessential or extra information about the noun unlike defining relative clauses, nondefining relative clauses are separated from the noun by commas. Relative clauses, defining and nondefining our students can practise relative clauses defining and nondefining with this exercise. Relative clauses practice relative pronouns exercise 1 2 3 who vs which exercise 1 2 3 which or where exercise drag and drop exercises. I havent seen frank, brother is five, for a long time now. Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. A relative clause is a phrase that adds information to a sentence. Relative clauses in english article onestopenglish. There are various ways of supplying more information about a noun in english.
Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises. Test your knowledge of relative pronouns with this grammar test. They describe the preceding noun and give essential information about the noun. However, sometimes a relative clause is so important that the main sentence will be difficult to understand or have no meaning without it. Relative clauses are another very common way of supplying more specific information about a noun referring to a person, thing or group, e. Relative clauses are nonessential parts of a sentence. Contact clauses no relative pronouns relative clauses defining and non defining that, which expressions of place and time in sentences word order. The apple which george lay on the table was put back into the basket. Intermediate english grammar course relative clauses. This is because in the first sentence, the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, while the relative pronoun is the subject in the second one. They are introduced by a relative pronoun which can be replaced by that or even omitted except when the relative pronoun is subject of the clause or is in the possessive case. Rp001 relative pronouns whose, who, why, where, which or whom elementary.
Fill in all the gaps, then press check to check your answers. All relative clauses describe a noun, and they begin with one of these relative pronouns or relative adverbs. Relative pronouns who, which, whose exercise englischhilfen. In both restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, the relative pronoun can act as the subject or object. They can act as the subject or the object of the relative clause. Relative clause exercise 1 2 advanced relative clause exercise 3 4 intermediate pdf exercises. Nonrestrictive relative clauses are also called nondefining relative clauses.
Relative pronouns english online exercise english4u. Relative clauses should be used after the noun they define. We leave out the relative pronoun whowhichthat if it is not the subject in the sentence. Without the defining relative clause we do not know which film. A restrictive clause or phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence. Relative pronouns are mostly used when combining sentences in which a word or phrase is repeated. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. Answer key 1 fill in the gaps with a suitable relative pronoun. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which. Here we need the relative pronoun which, because it is a nondefining relative clause and the first word after the pronoun is a verb. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english.
Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. When do we use the relative pronouns who, which, whose and that. Relative pronouns online exercises english grammar. Participle constructions instead of relative clauses herr. We dont need a relative pronoun, because the first word in the relative clause. Relative pronouns adjectiverelative clause examples. Generally, there are two types of relative clauses. Note that that can be used in informal english instead of whowhomwhich but it is never used after commas, i. Choose the correct relative pronoun who, whose, that, which, why, when or where. Note that some of them also function as interrogative pronouns. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun.
Defining relative pronouns exercise people that who whom owners whose things that which places where when the relative pronoun is an object, it can be omitted except with whose and where. Relative clauses 1 advanced advanced grammar exercises. Restrictive relative clauses are also called defining relative clauses. Whowhosewhomwhichof which relative pronoun relative pronoun that what, which and all that. Reduced relative clauses replace the relative clause by a participle construction ing for active and ed for passive while keeping the rest of the sentence unchanged. To understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and nondefining nonrestrictive clauses learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical errors. A relative clause is an added part in a sentence that is used in relation to the main sentence. Pronouns grammar exercises learning english englischhilfen.
Defining clauses or phrases are not separated off with commas. If there is a verb after the relative pronoun whowhichthat, do not leave out the relative pronoun examples with the relative pronoun who. A what clause is a type of noun clause or a free relative clause that begins with the word what. Rp004 relative clauses with who, which and where elementary.
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